Exception Handling In C++

Exceptions Handling Definition:

In C++ Programming, Exception Handling is the best method for handles run-time errors. It provides a method to convey control from try block of a program to catch block. C++ implements following three specific keywords for exception handling: try, catch, and throw.

try block:

• The try keyword is used to declare a block of statements, which code may produce exceptions.
• When an exception is identified, It is thrown using a throw statement in the try Block. program control immediately passes to catch block from the try block.

a try block syntax looks like the following:

try {
  //main code
}

Catch block:

The catch block represented by the keyword catch. Catch block catches exception the exception thrown by the throw statement in the try block and catch block handles the exception.

a catch block syntax looks like the following:

try {

} catch (ExceptionType1 name) {
 //exception code
} catch (ExceptionType2 name) {
 //exception code
}

throw Statement:

Possible to declare throw keyword anywhere in the try block. throw keyword trigger/execute a matched type of the catch block.The try block exists When a throw statement is reached.

a throw statement syntax looks like the following:

try {
   throw data_value;
} catch (ExceptionType1 name) {
 //exception code
} catch (ExceptionType2 name) {
 //exception code
}

Exception Handling Checklist

• Try block has the main code, which code may throw an exception.
• Multiple throws are possible to declare in try block based different situations.
• The catch block contains exception handling code that is executed when thrown by the Try Block.
• Possible to declare one or more catch block for different type of exception
• No code can be between try block and the first catch block.
• Catch blocks declare directly after the try block.

Simple Exception Program In C++

// Simple Exception Program In C++
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    //try block
    try {
        // Exception throwed
        throw 100;
    }    //catch block
    catch (int exception_value) {
        cout << "Exception Occurred : Exception Value : " << exception_value;
    }
    return 0;
}

Exception Occurred : Exception Value : 100

Multiple Catch Block Exception Program In C++

// Multiple Catch Exception Example Program (Divide By Zero ) In C++
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

float divide(int x, int y) {
    if (y == 0) {
        throw y;
    } else if (y < 0) {
        throw "Negative Input";
    }
    return (x / y);
}

int main() {
    int i, result;
    //try block

    cout << "Enter the Number :";
    cin>>i;
    try {
        result = divide(100, i);
        cout << result << endl;
    }    //catch block
    catch (int exception_value) {
        cout << "Exception Occurred : Exception Value : " << exception_value;
    } catch (const char* excpection_str) {
        cout << "Exception Occurred : Exception Value : " << excpection_str;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
Execution Scenarios
// Scenario 1
result = divide(100, 10);
cout << result << endl;
    
// Scenario 2
result = divide(100, 0);
cout << result << endl;
    
// Scenario 3
result = divide(100, -1);
cout << result << endl;
 */

Sample Output:

Scenario 1:
Enter the Number :10
10

Scenario 2:
Enter the Number :0
Exception Occurred : Exception Value: 0

Scenario 3:
Enter the Number :-1
Exception Occurred : Exception Value: Negative Input

Related Pages

• C++ Concepts — Browse all C++ Concepts.